DINAMIKA PERSEBARAN SPESIES AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of global climate change on species distribution dynamics and to identify the factors that determine organismal responses from a biogeographic perspective. The urgency of this research stems from the limited number of integrative studies that comprehensively link climate change with adaptive capacity, dispersal, and geographic barriers, particularly in tropical regions. The method employed was a *Systematic Literature Review (SLR)* involving the analysis of indexed scientific articles from 2000 to 2023 using major databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The analysis utilized *content analysis* techniques and cross-study comparisons to identify common patterns and differences in findings. The results indicate that climate change drives shifts in species distribution both spatially (latitude and elevation) and temporally (phenology), with response variations influenced by biological and environmental factors. Additionally, dispersal limitations and habitat fragmentation are major constraints on species adaptation. In conclusion, species distribution dynamics result from complex interactions between climatic, ecological, and anthropogenic factors; therefore, an adaptive conservation approach based on empirical data and predictive models is necessary to ensure ecosystem sustainability.