ANALISIS ADAPTASI TUMBUHAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN EKSTREM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERSEBARAN DALAM KAJIAN BIOGEOGRAFI

Abstract

Environmental changes caused by natural processes and human activities have increased extreme environmental conditions that affect the survival of plants. These conditions encourage plants to develop various adaptation mechanisms in order to survive, grow, and reproduce within their habitats. This study aims to examine plant adaptations to extreme environments and their implications for plant distribution patterns in biogeographical studies. The research method used is a literature review of 15 scientific articles published between 2018 and 2026 discussing morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations of plants under conditions of drought, salinity, and temperature changes. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive-critical approach through comparison, classification, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results indicate that plant adaptations vary depending on environmental characteristics and genetic factors. These adaptations not only function as survival strategies but also influence the distribution patterns of plants across different regions. In addition, global climate change plays an important role in affecting the success of plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.